This mask is the masterpiece of the museum’s ethnographic collections. The artist’s talents were never equalled by the numerous imitators who made copies. It is possible that the sculptor did not come from the same region as the person who commissioned it.

The presence of animal-like elements (buffalo horns) has led to various theories about the mask’s use.

According to some, the iconography refers to the mythical characters who are associated with the buffalo, and the mask would have originated from the large bambudye (guardians of memories) society.

Others think that the horns framing the face recall certain rites of hunting societies.

For yet others, the mask, with its animalistic and human forms, has ties to an established iconography in certain cultures (especially Luntu and western Luba peoples). Their mask helmets with curved horns are associated with societies that are close to political power.